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< Back 156 2nd Street Return to Homes James and Mary Gardner home was built c. 1872 James Harvey Gardner was born in Seneca County New York in 1830. At age 22 he met Mary A. Gates as they traveled in the same wagon train across the plains, arriving in Weber County in the fall of 1852. In November 1852 they were married; James was 22 and Mary was 20. Bingham Fort began in August 1853. Isaac Newton Goodale helped James “team-up” his cabin into the fort, meaning they placed the cabin on skids and pulled it with a team of horses into the fort, locating it by the cabin of his father-in-law, Sam Gates. The cabins of Jim Gardner, Sam Gates and I. Newton Goodale are identified in a row on the Bingham Fort map. James Gardner's cabin is market in green. When James Gardner was near 40 years old, he assisted his father-in-law with the Sam Gates Adobe Mill. Dissatisfied with the durability of adobe bricks, James devised a kiln to fire the sun-baked adobes into a more reliable brick called a burnt brick or a baked brick; hence the adobe mill expanded to include a brickyard. [1] Today’s location of the James Gardner kiln is the 300 block of W North Street opposite today’s house located at 370 West North Street. This location was close to Stone’s Pond and the “2nd Street Swamps”. Gordon Jones, author of Pioneer Forts in Ogden, Utah, visited this site in 2001 and remarked that the best bricks of the nineteenth-century were made from the mud beneath bulrushes of swampy land. [2] Site of James Gardner's brick kiln is in the 300 W block of North Street in Ogden, Utah. James and Mary had fourteen children; six lived to adults. In the 1870s James Gardner built a house for his family with his own baked bricks at 156 2nd Street. The house had two doors on the long side. Mary used the south “parlor” door as an entrance to a little store that she kept in their home. By this time Mary was in her forties, but she and James held the respect of the young men of Lynne Community, and her store became “a gathering place for the boys in the evenings” and was often open till midnight. [3] In 1889 the Gardners were approaching their fifties, and they sold their house to neighbor Ianthus Richards and moved to Pocatello, Idaho, to be near some of their children. In 1944 the George Stokes family purchased the house, and in the 1970s, 100 years after the house was built, George’s grandson, David Collins, built the rear addition. In 2021 the house has been owned by the Stokes/Collins family for 77 years. James Harvey Gardner, c. 1900 [1] - William Terry, Weber County History Is Worth Knowing, abt.1988, p.120-122. [2] - Interview Chauncey Stone, 1972; interview Clara Stone, December 1999. NOTE: In the years that followed the closing of the Gates Adobe-Brick Mill, another brickyard began a few miles to the north in Harrisville; this business continued to harvest marsh mud from the wetlands on 2nd Street for many years; Interpace Brick was located at 736 W. Harrisville Road. [3] - Mary Melling Stone Crane, autobiography, manuscript, 1922, p. 8. Return to Homes Previous Next

< Back 134 West 2nd Street Return to Homes Photo taken in 1914 Thomas Irvine was a well-known pitcher for Ogden baseball teams at the turn of the Twentieth Century. On one occasion, the Ogden area was informed that a semi-professional team would be coming through Ogden, and they wanted to have a team lined up to practice with before going on to California for a game. Thomas was selected as the pitcher for that game which was played on Tabernacle Square in Ogden. In the game, he fanned (struck out) 21 of 27 men. One batter, when struck out, walked behind the pitcher and said, “Who in the hell is that man?” He stood behind the catcher and watched several pitches. The final score was 9 to 1 in favor of Ogden. Thomas thought it was the best game he ever pitched. Semi-professional teams started checking on Thomas, but he declined their offers. In 1907 he married Julia Sherner, and they built the house at 136 2nd Street on land given them by Julia’s father. Thomas had many jobs, including working for the Scoville Broom Company, the First Security Bank, and the northern Utah Welfare Program. He liked to ride a bicycle to work. He also served as a member of the Ogden Tabernacle Board and the Dee Hospital Board. In 1934, ever curious, Thomas raised 3 lemon trees in the warm air of the kitchen and harvested some lemons which were noted in the local newspaper as superior quality to California lemons. [1] Thomas served for 21 years in the N Weber Stake presidency, eight years as the stake president. In the 1950s he helped build the church at 133 Childs Ave, donating 1390 hours of labor. Thomas and Julia had three children. Julia died in 1932 and Thomas in 1969. Irvine family. [1] - Standard Examiner, September 17, 1934. Return to Homes Previous Next

< Back Game Played by Indian Children Return to Native Americans In the 1860s when Mary and Mel Hutchens lived on 2nd Street, little Indian girls use to come and play with them. Mary and Mel taught the Indian girls a game called Pussy Wants a Corner. Then the Indian girls taught them a game with sticks. They laid three sticks together: two sticks close together and the third stick on top of the first two, thus three similar sticks were laid at intervals of a few feet until there were fifteen or twenty piles of them. Then the tiny girls would hop over all the piles, but it was necessary to keep standing on one foot without resting, as the game was to hop over one pile and see that their foot did not touch a stick, then they would try the next pile. One little Indian girl did it easily; then they asked Mary to try. She had never hopped before. She hopped over four or five, resting between each pile; but then she touched the next pile so that the top stick rolled off the other two, and she missed. The little Indian girl looked very sad and told her she must leave the game and showed her where to sit down. Each girl came and patted her on the back and told her they were sorry. No one laughed at her. The other little Indian girls tried; several failed and took their places with Mary under the cottonwood tree. The ones who succeeded in jumping all the piles of sticks stood up. Mel was only about four years old and she didn’t try for a long time. Finally, when she saw that some of the others had failed, she took courage and tried. She went farther than Mary, but finally touched a stick and missed. They became tired of hopping and decided they wanted to do something else, so Mary and Mel taught them to play Ring Around the Rosie. They couldn’t understand very well and kept squatting down and jumping up when they shouldn’t, but finally, they learned to do it fairly well, and they liked that game too. [1] [1] - Autobiography of Mary Elizabeth Hutchens Sherner, p. 83. Return to Native Americans Previous [object Object] Next

< Back 226 2nd Street Return to Homes Adobe house built in 1880. Photo taken in 1910. Courtesy of Chrissy Orell. Residents continue to use flood irrigation from Bingham Fort Ditch. The ditch is now called the N Branch of Lower Lynne Ditch. Photo taken in 2021. Home is 141 years old. Moroni Stone was born in 1850 in Council Bluffs, Iowa, to English immigrant parents, William and Mary Cruse Stone, who celebrated their conversion to the Mormon Church by naming their baby Moroni. The family arrived in Bingham Fort in about 1857. He and his three brothers learned agriculture skills from their father who farmed where the Aspen Acres subdivision is now located. When of age, he and his brothers secured their own farms on 2nd Street and helped each other in their work. As a young unmarried man, Moroni also worked on the railroad to earn cash to run his farm. He was hard working and had high expectations. The pay received was $5 a day for a man and a team and $10 for Sunday work. These wages seemed enormous to the frugal pioneers. [1] In June 1879 Moroni married Charlotte Gale; he was 29 years old and was serving at the time as a volunteer fireman. After the wedding, the Gale family served a full course dinner to 100 guests, and during the meal, the Ogden Brass Band serenaded them from the middle of Washington Avenue. Later in the evening, a dance was held in the Fireman’s Hall on Grant Avenue at 25th Street. Moroni and Charlotte led the wedding waltz. [2] Moroni built their house at 226 2nd Street next to the North Branch of the Lynne Ditch (then called Bingham Fort Ditch). He made the adobe bricks by hand, getting the clay at the “2nd Street Swamp”, mixing it, placing it in molds, and putting it in the sun to dry. The lumber used on the inside was brought from Monte Cristo. [3] After his marriage, Moroni quit working for the railroad and farmed. For additional money, he drove a horse-drawn sprinkling wagon over the dirt roads to keep the dust down on Washington Avenue and Bingham Fort Lane. He was an active supporter of the community and continued as a volunteer fireman. The decades of the 1870s and the 1880s were times of intense political conflict in Weber County and Utah Territory. The People’s Party (Mormons) skirmished with the Liberal Party (non-Mormons). The People’s Party wanted to elect Mormons or those who were sympathetic to Mormons in office, and the Liberal Party wanted just the opposite. Moroni Stone was excommunicated from the Mormon Church for attending railroad dances, and he became an outspoken and active member of the Liberal Party. [4] The Mormons formed economic cooperatives, particularly the 1868 ZCMI, to control the economic impacts of the railroad. Price gouging was commonplace as non-Mormon merchants raised prices on necessary goods to Mormon patrons. But the Liberals protested the organization of ZCMI and other economic programs advocated by Brigham Young in response to the railroad, mining, and outside trade. Some Mormon Church members were not happy to be told how to vote and where to shop; two of Moroni Stone’s brothers were excommunicated for shopping at mercantile stores other than ZCMI (see 159 W. 2nd St.). Moroni’s third brother was excommunicated for eloping with his sweetheart (see 368 W. 2nd St.). Some called the Stone brothers “rowdy”. [5] In addition to moral, political, and business issues, polygamy and prospective statehood were also major concerns in the 1870s and 1880s. The 20-year rivalry between the Mormons and the non-Mormons did not die easily, but with the abandonment of polygamy in 1890, both groups became increasingly more cooperative. Most residents of the county and of the territory were interested in achieving statehood, and so there was a decided effort to politically reorganize. The People’s Party was dissolved in 1891, and local Lynne ward members were now counseled to make their own political choices. Moroni had already been making his own political choices for the last twenty years. In the latter part of 1891 “considerable excitement prevailed” among LDS church members at Five Points as they divided into political parties according to personal choice. In the 1892 election, there were three parties recorded at Five Points: the Republicans, the Democrats, and the Liberals. Moroni rode out the years of conflict and always remained an active, contributing member of the community. [6] Moroni and Charlotte had many diverse friends to whom they opened their home. Charlotte was a wonderful mother and cook with many domestic talents that endeared their home to their children, grandchildren, and many friends. Moroni played the violin and is remembered for his violin-whistling duets with his sister, Sarah. Moroni had two nicknames: “Honest Rone Stone” because his word was his bond and “Whispering Rone” because he talked with such a loud voice. Once he saw a young boy shuffling along and he boomed out in his outspoken way, “Walk up Coffin!” meaning “Don’t drag your feet.” [7] Moroni & Charlotte Gale Stone, 1890s Many of Charlotte and Moroni’s adult children remained at Five Points and contributed to the development of the community. Their son George Stone was a member of the Redfield Dance Orchestra, and two of their daughters married two Redfield brothers who were later involved in several businesses at Five Points: Emma Stone married Cleveland Redfield who invented the Universal Spot Welder, [8] and Charlotte Stone married Fred Redfield who started the Superior Honey business. Their son Charlie Stone had a plumbing business and a gas station at Washington Blvd. and 3rd Street that Ralph Kunz acquired many years later. Their son William Stone was a chiropractor for many years at Five Points. [9] In 1910 his sons Spencer and George Stone helped Fred Redfield develop the Superior Honey business which was located at 349 3rd Street on a railroad spur. [10] Spencer Stone also served on the Ogden board of education and in the 1940s the Spencer Stone family donated the site at 606 Washington Blvd. for the Emerson Stone Branch library. [11] Redfield Dance Orchestra Front – Arthur, Clyde & Carl Redfield. Back – Fred Redfield, Archer Anderson, George Stone, Chauncey Stone. Superior Honey Building Started by Fred Redfield, assisted by Spencer Stone and George Stone. Located on 3rd Street where Mountain America Credit Union now stands. Read's Leather was home to Automatic Controller & Manufacturing Co. in 1916. Owned by Emma Stone & Cleveland Redfield who invented the Universal Spot Welder. The location is the northeast corner of Washington & 3rd Street. Gas station started by Charlie Stone on NW corner of 3rd and Washington. Spencer Stone donated land at 606 Washington Blvd for Emmerson Stone Branch Library. Emmerson Stone Branch Library as seen today. [1] - Ogden Daily Standard, May 9, 1919. [2] - Ogden Standard-Examiner, Married, June 18, 1879; Pioneer Personal History of Charlotte Gale Stone by Elvera L. Manful, 1937, manuscript, p. 3. [3] - Ibid. [4] - The Standard, July 19, 1891. [5] - Richard C. Roberts and Richard W. Saddler, A History of Weber County, 1997, Utah Historical Society and Weber County Commission, p. 133, 134. [6] - Ibid, p. 140; Andrew Jensen, History of the Lynne Ward, p. 12. [7] - Interview Helen Redfield Rogers and William Byron Redfield by Anna Keogh, 1998. [8] - Pearl Stowe, Ogden Utah 8th Ward, Lorin Farr Stake,1908-1980, p. 319. [9] - 1920 Census. [10] - Ibid, p. 323. [11] - History of the Weber County Library System, p. 2, 5; Ogden Standard-Examiner, Industrial Leader Dies While On South American Vacation, April 21, 1950, p. 12A. Return to Homes Previous Next

< Back 141 2nd Street Return to Homes West side of 141 2nd Street, circa 1905 This side-passage house has an entrance passage inserted on one side of the main floor, which gives the house a distinctive asymmetrical design. It is a one-and-a-half story and has Greek revival styling with a variety of surface textures and materials giving it a very stylish appearance. ​ Porter Pierce was born in 1877 and raised by pioneer parents at 140 W 2nd Street. He was a farmer who was brilliant in mathematics and taught school for a while. He was also a fine carpenter and built this house about 1900 and rented it. ​ In 1908 he married Grietje Smit who immigrated from the Netherlands in 1903 with her parents as converts to the Mormon Church. Porter dismissed the renters so he and his wife could move into his stylish new house. The house was built on a parcel of land that extended from 2nd Street to 4th Street, and he built a large barn south of the house. 149 2nd Street became the home of Wilke and Jantje Smit from the Netherlands in 1920. In 2013 the house was ruined by a fire, and in 2014 it was replaced with the house on the right. Porter and Grietje had three children that lived to adulthood. A spur of the Oregon Short Line ran in front of their house causing awe to the young children or a disruption in their daily life. Once a baby buggy was stuck on the tracks and was removed just before the train arrived. Sometimes the train spooked the horses as Porter came home from the lower fields. Another time the train hit Pierce’s daughter’s boyfriend’s car when it was parked in front, but the train was slow-moving and merely pushed the car out of the way. [1] Some neighbors described Porter as humorous and colorful, and one said, “He should have been in movies”. In the 1930s he joined the Jehovah Witness Church and became convinced that the end of the world was coming, and he began to warn his neighbors. He approached one neighbor, Mr. Stone, poked his little boy in the stomach, and said, “The end is coming and it’s going to get you and take everything you have!” Porter’s neighbor Harry James at 159 W 2nd St. did not want to listen to this nonsense about the end of the world, and he shut his door. Porter brought a talking machine in his car, cranked it up, and played it loudly in front of the James house so that the James family and everyone else on the street could hear the warnings. LOL. The children in the neighborhood like Porter’s humor and exuberance and liked working for him when he had few jobs for hire. One time at Halloween they decided to play a trick on Porter. They took his farm wagon apart and put it back together on the roof of his barn. When Porter came out in the morning and saw the wagon on the roof, he was speechless. What could he do? He hired some neighborhood children to go up on the roof and bring the wagon down (probably the same children that put it up there). [2] In 1939 Porter updated his house by installing its first bathroom. He was a good carpenter and built three houses on Childs Ave north of 4th Street for his children. He died in 1955. Grietje was also a favorite among the neighbors and this article about her appeared in the Standard-Examiner in 1950. Grietje died in 1977 at age 92. [1] - Interview with Myrtle Pierce Page by Anna Keogh, 1998. [2] - Oral interviews with Warren Stone, Donna Clapier, and Tug Anderson. Return to Homes Previous Next

< Back 386 West 2nd Street Return to Homes 386 West 2nd Street James and Mary Ellen Stone House 1913: Mary Ellen Melling Stone holding pet owl. 1950s: house covered with stucco; front porch added. 2021: house covered with siding. Two-Part House: 1866 Cabin William (1797-1868) & Mary Cruise (1810-1886) Stone The cabin was built for William Stone. William Stone and his wife Mary Cruse immigrated from England with their five children in 1849; in 1866 William and Mary lived in this cabin on the NW corner of 2nd St and 1200 West with their two unmarried sons, Moroni and James (“Rone” and “Jimmy”). Having worked in England as a gardener for nobility, William was a consummate farmer with a flair for landscaping. Mary was the daughter of a squire with a twenty-room house; she kept a meticulous cabin. About thirteen years later James “teamed up” the cabin (put it on wooden skids) to his new house at 386 W 2nd Street and abutted the cabin to the west wall of his adobe house for the convenience of his widowed mother. 1875 Adobe House James (1853-1884) & Mary Ellen Melling (1855-1940) Stone James & Mary Ellen Stone; crayon portrait by Ed Stone. In 1871 at age eighteen, James eloped with his sixteen-year-old sweetheart, Mary Ellen Melling. For the first year of their marriage, they lived in this cabin with James’ mother on the corner of 2nd Street and 1200 West. At age 19 James bought some farm land on West 2nd Street from Sam Gates and built a cabin by the large pond for their home; soon the pond was known as Stone’s Pond. He and his brothers learned agriculture from their father and were excellent farmers who could build a haystack without a fault and a live fence around their pastures. To earn extra money James worked part time for David M. Moore as a horse-back mail carrier to Huntsville. The mail weighed about forty pounds and was carried in saddlebags on each side of the saddle. James had a wonderful little bay mare that carried him on the hazardous trail in the winter when he had to travel on the side of the mountain to avoid the snow slides in the canyon. He prized this special mare as most horses could not make such a trip. On these difficult trips James would be very late getting home, and his family would anxiously await his safe return. As he approached home, the family would hear James whistling in the dark, and the horses at home would start whinnying, and the family would breath a great sigh of relief for they knew then that James had made it safely through the canyon and would be in the cabin soon. There were two or three trips to Huntsville a week, and each trip paid $3. As David M. Moore said, “Those dollars were as large as cartwheels!” [1] Sam Gates and his son George Gates ran an adobe mill on W 2nd Street. George built and sold several adobe houses, and in about 1877 he built this one for his good friend, James Stone. At age 24 James bought this new adobe house at 386 W 2nd Street, and within a year he “teamed up” the cabin ( meaning he put it on wooden skids) of his elderly, widowed mother and a butted it to the adobe house. Thinking forward, James built two more rooms on the rear of the cabin and the adobe, enlarging the house to four rooms. [2] James and Mary Ellen had five children. Some of the children slept in the attic loft of the adobe house. James farmed twenty acres. He loved horses and loved training them. In 1882 at age 29 James got in a fight while riding a young colt that he was breaking. Some drunken boys from Slaterville drove alongside him on the roadway in a lumber wagon and with a whip slashed a blow across the rump of the colt that James was riding. This was perhaps due to past rivalry. It was all James could do to get the colt under control again. They repeated the whipping several times so James pulled his horse off the road. This infuriated one of the boys named Dick, and he got out of the wagon and ran over to James and tried to pull him off the horse to fight him. Before James could tie up his horse Dick struck him knocking him under his colt and the fight was on. The noise and confusion caused quite a scene, and people rushed over to see what was taking place. The horse was prancing over their heads as they fought until a young man who was a bystander took the horse away. When it was over, Dick had two black eyes and was missing ½ of his left ear. James’ face was covered with blood. Dick accused James of biting off his ear and took him to court, threatening James with life in prison. The case was sensational and people came to view the court proceedings with their lunch as they anticipated being there most of the day. Three witnesses testified in behalf of James. The trial came to an end with Dick losing the case. There was no way of proving whether James had bitten off the ear or whether the ear had been torn off by the colt’s hoofs.as she pranced over them while they were fighting. After the verdict was given, Dick came over to James and apologized for the trouble he had caused and asked to shake hands and be friends again, and they shook hands. [3] A different account in Standard, May 31, 1882. It was in James’ blood to love horses and horse races. In 1884 at age 31 James left home on a day in November with two friends in a lumber wagon to go to a horse race. All three men were sitting on the spring seat in a happy mood. Before they reached town, one of the clevises gave way and dropped the single tree on the horses’ hooves; they became unmanageable and ran away. All the men sitting on the spring seat were thrown, seat and all out of the wagon. Two were thrown clear, but James’ boot caught on the front standard of the wagon and he was dragged for over a half mile before they could stop the runaway. It was not more than thirty minutes after he left home until they brought him back again unconscious. Standard, Nov 10, 1884. He regained consciousness for over a month but was not able to recover. As he was about to pass on his brother would call, “Oh Jimmie, don’t leave us!” and he would reply, “Oh, let me go, Rone. They are waiting for me with carriages and horses.” This he said to his brother several times as he was called back. It was a fatal blow to his beloved Mary Ellen and the family, for he died December 24, 1884, and was buried on Christmas Day. [4] For the story of James’ wife, Mary Ellen Melling, see Melling Way. James Hyrum Stone; crayon portrait by Ed Stone. John (1874-1945) & Jesse Mills (1881-1935) Stone John and Jesse Mills Stone James and Mary Ellen’s son John Melling Stone was born in 1874 and married Jessie Mills in 1899; they continued to live in the Stone family home where they raised five children. John was a mainstream Utah farmer who grew Timothy grass, Lucerne, sugar beets and garden crops such as beans and peas. Jesse served as president of the Lynne Ward primary for many years. Jesse died in 1935 and John married Ila Bodily in 1938 and adopted her two children. The house was passed on to one of John and Jesse’s daughters and remained in the Stone family until about 1990. Interior log wall in James & Mary Ellen Stone House Drawing of James and Mary Ellen Stone House by Dale Brynor, 1998. [1] - Milton R. Hunter, editor, Beneath Ben Lomond’s Peak’s, p.262,263; Sarah Stone Crowther, Biography of Pioneer James Hyrum Stone, manuscript, 1949. [2] - Note: The cabin is 14 x 14 and the walls are 12 inches thick. The adobe house is 15 x 13 and the walls are 18 inches thick. [3] - Sarah Stone Crowther, Biography of Pioneer James Hyrum Stone, p. 13, 14.. Note: Standard Examiner, May 31, 1982, has an account of the conflict from Dick’s point of view. [4] - Sarah Stone Crowther, Biography of Pioneer James Hyrum Stone, p. 14, 15. Return to Homes Previous Next

< Back Return to Roads West Gate Lane West Gate Lane in Fort Bingham subdivision, Ogden, Utah. Victory News, 1943 The west gate of the fort was built in 1853 and was the prominent entrance. The east gate was not completed until 1856. This drawing of Bingham Fort appeared in the Victory News , Oct. 15, 1943, p. 6, a publication of the Utah Army Service Forces Depot. In the right-hand lower corner of the drawing are these words: Bingham’s Fort, 1851- at Depot site. As described by David S. Tracy now 91 years old, who attended school in the fort schoolhouse (correct date for the fort is 1853). [1] Many other fort drawings show that Bingham Fort’s main entrance faced west toward the prominent Indian camping grounds of Business Depot Ogden and northwest to Stone's Pond. In addition, the fastest road into Ogden was Mill Creek Lane which was also west of the fort. The cabins of Bishop Bingham, Sam Gates, and the fort military commander, Isaac Newton Goodale were all located near the west gate. The location of the West Gate was near the intersection of today’s Century Drive and West 2nd Street. Crosswalk marks the west wall of Bingham Fort. [1] - Depot Located on Historic Ground, Bingham’s Fort Close-By, VICTORY NEWS, Utah Army Services Forces Depot, Oct 15, 1943, p. 6. Previous Return to Roads Next

< Back Native Americans on 2nd Street Return to Native Americans Native American camping sites on 2nd Street were located near springs, creeks and the pond. There was no water and little camping to the east of Five Points. Native American Encampments on 2nd Street In the 1860s there were 20 to 25 cabins on 2nd Street on both sides of the road from the Fort to 1200 West, a distance of 1 ½ mile. [1] Between these cabins and behind them were Native American encampments. Although some Native Americans stayed year-round, most of them migrated in the fall for a warmer climate and returned in the spring setting up camps again in the Meadows and along 2nd Street. One day in the 1860s Mary Elizabeth Hutchens and her sister were left home alone in a house on 2nd Street in the Meadows while their parents drove a wagon to Ogden. Before their parents returned home, “the Indians started to migrate to the Meadows. All-day 2nd Street was crowded with Indians moving west and settling in the Meadows. Their parents were delayed getting home because the road was so crowded with Indians”. [2] Shoshone campsites were always erected in the same places at the same times of year in locations near fresh water and protected by trees, willows, shrubs, or brush. [3] West 2nd Street had a large pond, later known as Stone’s Pond, and many springs on the north side of the street. Mill Creek and its wandering branches were on the south side of the street extending from the Fort westward to Slaterville. These areas were favorite camping grounds for Native Americans before and after the pioneers came. During the 20th Century, a shoebox was filled with arrowheads from the fields of the Bingham/Stone Farm on both the south and north sides of West 2nd Street. Four arrowheads found on the Bingham/Stone Farm, a former Native American camping ground. NW band of Shoshone Nation camping grounds. Shoshone Tepees Shoshone tepee covers were typically made of ten to twelve buffalo hides stretched over twenty to twenty-five poles erected in a cone shape. Flaps around a smoke hole at the top regulated airflow according to the wind direction. Tepee hides were decorated with drawings of animals, birds, or designs. Great dreams and acts of bravery were also remembered in drawings, like trophies for all to see – the Shoshone way of recording history. [4] Mary has seen “Indian women pitch their tents with the help of the smaller children. The poles were evidently numbered, as everything seemed to go forward without any mix-up. The tents were pitched so there was always room to go from one to another”. [5] The tepees were furnished and made comfortable inside. Rabbit skins braided like rugs were made into quilts. Buffalo robes served as blankets, and sometimes as floor coverings. Dried moss blankets were not unusual. Woven sagebrush and juniper bark served as mats and mattresses along with boughs and cattail fluff. The Shoshone people were very good at weaving willows and sagebrush and other natural resources. [6] Native Americans Settling in the Meadows Several tribes would camp together in The Meadows, and Mary Hutchens liked to watch them as they settled in. Jack Indian, the head Chief, would always come visiting her father, William Hutchens, as soon as he arrived. “Jack was like a close and friendly neighbor. He would greet her father, always calling, Hi Brother, and then the two would pass into the Indian encampment. She has seen her father shaking hands with Indians as he and Jack moved around the camp, Jack always being with him and presenting him to the others.” One time when her father returned after greeting the on-coming Indians he said to his wife, “Eliza, there are seven tribes of Indians camped over there this time.” [7] Shoshone Village In 2005 a road on the north side of 2nd Street near Stone’s Pond was named Indian Camp Road. [1] - 1860 and 1870 US Federal Census; Fred N. Stone, A Reminiscent History of the Lynne Ward, manuscript, 1934, p. 1, 2. [2] - Autobiography of Mary Elizabeth Hutchens Sherner, Mary Elizabeth – Her Stories, dictated to her daughter Dorothy A. Sherner, manuscript, 1933, p. 88. [3] - Darren Parry, The Bear River Massacre, Common Consent Press, 2019, p. 16. [4] - Parry, The Bear River Massacre, p. 15. [5] - Sherner, Mary Elizabeth- Her Stories, p. 91. [6] - Parry, The Bear River Massacre, p. 15, 16. [7] - Sherner, Mary Elizabeth- Her Stories, p. 90. Return to Native Americans Previous [object Object] Next

< Back Return to Roads Leann Way - Herdboy Lane In remembrance of Brigham Heber Bingham (1841-1935) and all the herd boys at Bingham’s Fort Brigham Heber Bingham While settlers lived in the fort from 1853-1856, herds of cattle were grazed outside of the fort to the west and northwest, and herd boys were the caretakers and guardians of these cattle. The history of Brigham Heber Bingham, tenth child of Erastus and Lucinda Bingham, leaves this account of his experience as “herd boy” in the Fort when he was about thirteen years old: “The herd boys worked three weeks at a time, and then they would have two weeks off. While Brigham Heber was in his laying off time a band of Indians, several hundred in number, camped within a mile of the Fort. The Indians would take the dinners away from the herd boys and drag them around by the hair of their heads and frighten them with threats of death. At the end of his two-week layoff he was reluctant to herd again. William Payne and Nathaniel Leavitt were captains the day his turn came to take the cattle to the herd grounds near the present town of Plain City. The captains went to hunt some lost cattle which had strayed away the day before and left him alone with the herd. He saw an Indian riding toward him as fast as he could. He felt the Indians intended to run over him so he jumped to one side as the Indian passed, and he struck his horse over the head with a club. The horse jumped to one side and almost threw the Indian off, but he held on to the mane and pulled himself back on the horse. The Indian turned around and came back, and when the Indian saw that Brigham Heber was preparing to strike the horse again, the Indian stopped and asked for a biscuit. Brigham Heber gave the Indian about one third of his dinner and the Indian insisted on more. He refused to give the Indian more and said he would be eating the rest of it himself. The Indian looked him in the eye for a few minutes and then rode away.” [1] Brigham Heber received his education at home and at the little school house at Bingham’s Fort. On the 16th of December 1861 he married Angelina Thresia Aldous. They lived in Bingham’s Fort for several years after their marriage and two of their children were born there. [1] - Norman F. Bingham, Lillian B. Belnap and Lester S. Scoville, Sketch of the Life of Erastus Bingham and Family, 1950s, p.61,62. Previous Return to Roads Next

< Back Chief Bush Head Return to Native Americans Example of beadwork on an Indian doll. I beg your pardon... Bush Head the Chief had kinky hair that stuck out from his head all over and was strung with beads at intervals. His hair was course and coal-black, and his skin was a darker color than Jack Indian’s tribe. All his tribe had bushy hair. They weren’t as tall as Jack’s tribe nor as nice looking. Bush Head also wore a beaded and fringed buckskin suit, but the beadwork on his suit was in the form of large diamonds, using only black and white beads. Each tribe had different emblems beaded on their clothes. Bush Head was a very mean Indian who use to bring his tribe to the Meadows. His lodge poles were hung with scalps, not all of Indians either. Some scalps were of long light brown and brown hair, and some of the short soft light hair taken from babies’ heads. William Hutchens told his children to never go alone out of their place until Bush Head’s tribe had gone. He was a surly Indian and couldn’t speak enough English to be easily understood by the settlers. One day Mary’s mother, Eliza Hutchens, had just cleaned her house when they were living on 2nd Street in the Meadows. Mary was making the bed and her mother was cooking in the kitchen in a separate structure. Mary heard someone walk along with the entry, then try the door. She turned quickly and in walked Bush Head the Chief. He said something which Mary couldn’t understand, and he sat down on her mother’s bed. Mary was horrified as even the children weren’t supposed to touch the bed daytimes, least of all her mother’s bed. Mary rushed out of the room and into the kitchen where her mother was. She said, “Mother Bush Head is sitting on your bed.” Her mother picked up the broom and went over into the house and told Bush had to get right out of there or she would hit him. Evidently, he understood her, and he got up quickly and went out, although he talked back to her, they couldn’t understand him. When her father came home, he was much concerned about it because he said they were all liable to be scalped if Bush Head was angry, but nothing happened. [1] [1] - Autobiography of Mary Elizabeth Hutchens Sherner, Mary Elizabeth – Her Stories, dictated to her daughter Dorothy A. Sherner, manuscript, 1933, p.84, 87. Return to Native Americans Previous [object Object] Next